Artificial Intelligence in Psychological Counselling Practice in Lagos State, Nigeria: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare and mental health service delivery globally. This study examined the opportunities and challenges associated with the integration of AI in psychological counselling practice among trained qualified counsellors in Lagos State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The sample comprised 50 practicing counseling psychologist selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Artificial Intelligence in Psychological Counselling Practice Questionnaire (AIPCPQ). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to answer the research questions, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that counsellors demonstrated moderate to high awareness of AI applications and perceived significant opportunities, particularly in improving access to services, enhancing documentation, and supporting early detection of psychological challenges.However, substantial ethical concerns were identified, including confidentiality risks, lack of human empathy, algorithmic bias, and absence of regulatory frameworks. Awareness significantly influenced willingness to adopt AI tools, while ethical concerns negatively predicted adoption intention. The study concludes that AI holds promising potential for psychological counselling practice, but its integration must be guided by ethical safeguards, professional standards, and contextual sensitivity. Recommendations include professional training, development of ethical guidelines, strengthened data protection measures, and further research across wider populations.